Table of contents
=================
* [Model description](#model-description)
* [Installation](#installation)
* [Required files](#required-files)
* [Usage in XSPEC](#usage-in-xspec)
* [Usage outside of XSPEC](#usage-outside-of-xspec)
* [Parameters of the KYNrefrev model](#parameters-of-the-kynrefrev-model)
* [Definition in XSPEC](#definition-kynrefrev-in-xspec)
* [Definition outside XSPEC](#definition-kynrefrev-outside-xspec)
* [Parameters of the KYNxilrev model](#parameters-of-the-kynxilrev-model)
* [Definition in XSPEC](#definition-kynxilrev-in-xspec)
* [Definition outside XSPEC](#definition-kynxilrev-outside-xspec)
* [Output files created](#output-files-created)
Model description
=================
The KYNrefrev and KYNxilrev models compute the time dependent reflection spectra
of the disc as a response to a flash of primary power-law radiation from a point
source located on the axis of the black-hole accretion disc.
_Assumptions of the model:_
* central Kerr black hole,
* Keplerian, geometrically thin, optically thick, ionised disc with different
radial density profiles,
* stationary hot point-like patch of plasma located on the system rotation axis
and emitting isotropic power-law radiation,
* full relativistic ray-tracing code in vacuum is used for photon paths from the
corona to the disc and to the observer and from the disc to the observer,
* re-processing in the ionised accretion disc is computed for each radius from
REFLIONX tables (KYNrefrev) or XILLVER tables (KYNxilrev) for constant density
slab illuminated by power-law radiation,
* increase in the disc temperature due to partial thermalisation of the
illuminating flux
* the ionisation of the disc is set for each radius according to the amount of
the incident primary flux and the density of the accretion disc,
* several limb brightening/darkening prescriptions for directionality of the
re-processed emission are used.
_Output of the code:_
* time dependent spectra (only when used outside of XSPEC) of the disc response
and observed primary flash,
* integrated spectrum,
* light curve for a given energy band,
* lag as a function of frequency between given energy bands,
* lag as a function of energy for different frequencies.
Installation
============
Required files
--------------
* Source files in the main repository directory.
* KY tables: [KBHlamp80.fits](https://owncloud.asu.cas.cz/index.php/s/abuFcygHKEKFiSa)
(also [here](http://www.astro.cas.cz/dovciak/pub/KY/KBHlamp80.fits))
and [KBHtables80.fits](https://owncloud.asu.cas.cz/index.php/s/WP8aLN168MJgcB9)
(also [here](http://www.astro.cas.cz/dovciak/pub/KY/KBHtables80.fits)).
* [REFLION(X)](https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/models/reflion.html)
tables for KYNrefrev (Ross & Fabian 2005, MNRAS, 358, 211) - unpack gzipped files:
- [reflion.mod](https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/models/reflion.mod.gz) (old),
- [reflionx.mod](https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/models/reflionx.mod.gz),
or in case the links are not available or if the tables there are updated and
their format/structure has changed:
- [reflion.mod](https://owncloud.asu.cas.cz/index.php/s/6CWcb0o5Ssjehju)
(or [here](http://www.astro.cas.cz/dovciak/pub/KY-external/reflion.mod))
(old),
- [reflionx.mod](https://owncloud.asu.cas.cz/index.php/s/Q6biiTPM1QBMtiT)
(or [here](http://www.astro.cas.cz/dovciak/pub/KY-external/reflionx.mod)).
* [XILLVER](https://hea-www.cfa.harvard.edu/%7Ejavier/xillver/)
tables for KYNxilrev (Garcia & Kallman 2010, ApJ, 718, 695,
Garcia et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 2 and Garcia et al. 2016, MNRAS, 462, 751) -
unpack gzipped files:
- [xillver-a-Ec5.fits](https://hea-www.cfa.harvard.edu/%7Ejavier/xillver/tables/xillver-a-Ec5.fits),
- [xillverD-4.fits](http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/~dauser/research/relxill/xillverD-4.fits.gz).
Usage in XSPEC
--------------
The code is compiled inside XSPEC with the following command (assuming all the
source files and FITS tables are in the directory /path/to/KYNreverb):
* `initpackage kynreverb lmodel-kynreverb.dat /path/to/KYNreverb`.
To use the KYNrefrev or KYNxilrev model inside XSPEC, first the package needs to
be loaded and directory with KYNreverb set:
* `lmod kynreverb /path/to/KYNreverb`,
* `xset KYDIR /path/to/KYNreverb`.
Then the models may be used:
* `mo kynrefrev`
or
* `mo kynxilrev`.
_Note_:
In case of segmentation fault, one may need to increase the stack size, e.g.
with the command `ulimit -s unlimited` or `ulimit -s 65532`.
Usage outside of XSPEC
----------------------
* One also needs the Makefile and libxspec library included in the directory
'other'.
* The library to work with FITS files (libcfitsio.so) is needed, thus one needs
to define the name of the library and path to it in the provided Makefile.
* The model parameters have to be changed inside the source file.
* Compile with the make command:
* `make kynrefrev`
or
* `make kynxilrev`
* Run the code:
* `./kynrefrev`
or
* `./kynxilrev`.
* The models create various files described below.
_Note_:
In case of segmentation fault, one may need to increase the stack size, e.g.
with the command `ulimit -s unlimited` or `ulimit -s 65532`.
Parameters of the KYNrefrev model
=================================
Definition in XSPEC
-------------------
The meaning of the input parameters are also explained at the beginning of
the kynrefrev.c file. The parameters when the code runs under XSPEC are
defined in the usual way as for other XSPEC models. The parameter
definitions when run outside of XSPEC must be changed directly inside the
source code. Summary of the parameters:
* **par1 ... a/M**
- black hole angular momentum (-1 ≤ a/M ≤ 1)
* **par2 ... theta_o**
- observer inclination in degrees (0°-pole, 90°-disc)
* **par3 ... rin**
- inner edge of non-zero disc emissivity (in GM/c^2 or in rmso)
* **par4 ... ms**
- switch for inner edge
- 0: we integrate from inner edge = par3
- 1: if the inner edge of the disc is below marginally stable orbit (MSO)
then we integrate emission above MSO only
- 2: we integrate from inner edge given in units of MSO, i.e. inner
edge = par3 × rmso (the same applies for outer edge)
* **par5 ... rout**
- outer edge of non-zero disc emissivity (in GM/c^2 or in rmso)
* **par6 ... phi**
- lower azimuth of non-zero disc emissivity (degrees)
* **par7 ... dphi**
- (phi + dphi) is upper azimuth of non-zero disc emissivity 0° ≤
dphi ≤ 360°
* **par8 ... M/M8**
- black hole mass in units of 10^8 solar masses
* **par9 ... height**
- height on the axis (measured from the center) at which the primary
source is located (GM/c^(2))
* **par10 ... PhoIndex**
- power-law energy index of the primary flux
* **par11 ... L/LEdd**
- dE/dt, the intrinsic local (if negative) or the observed
(if positive) primary isotropic flux in the X-ray energy range 2-10keV
in units of LEdd
* **par12 ... Np:Nr**
- ratio of the primary to the reflected normalization
- 1: self-consistent model for isotropic primary source
- 0: only reflection, primary source is hidden
- if positive then L/LEdd (par11) means the luminosity towards the
observer
- if negative then L/LEdd (par11) means the luminosity towards the disc
* **par13 ... density/ionisation**
- density profile normalization in 10^15 cm^(-3) if positive
- ionisation profile normalisation if it is negative
- this parameter cannot be zero
* **par14 ... den_prof/ion_prof**
- radial power-law density profile if par13 is positive
- radial ionisation profile if par13 is negative
- the radial profiles in both cases are given by abs(par13) ×
r^(par14)
* **par15 ... abun**
- Fe abundance (in solar abundance)
* **par16 ... therm**
- fraction of thermalised flux from the overal incident flux illuminating
the disc
- = 0: only the reverberation of reflected radiation is computed
- < 0: only the reverberation of thermal radiation is computed
- > 0: both the thermal and reflection reverberation is included
- abs(par16) > 1: the fraction of thermalisation is computed from
difference between the incident and reflected fluxes
* **par17 ... arate**
- accretion rate in units of LEdd if positive or in Solar mass per
Julian year (365.25 days) if negative
* **par18 ... f_col**
- spectral hardening factor
* **par19 ... alpha**
- position of the cloud centre in GM/c^2 in alpha coordinate (alpha being
the impact parameter in φ-direction, positive for approaching side
of the disc)
* **par20 ... beta**
- position of the cloud centre in GM/c^2 in beta coordinate (beta being
the impact parameter in θ-direction, positive in up direction,
i.e. above the disc)
* **par21 ... rcloud**
- radius of the obscuring cloud
- the meaning of cloud is inverted for negative values of rcloud, i.e.
only the radiation transmitted through the cloud is computed
* **par22 ... zshift**
- overall Doppler shift
* **par23 ... limb**
- 0: for isotropic emission (flux ~ 1)
- 1: for Laor's limb darkening (flux ~ 1+2.06μ)
- 2: for Haardt's limb brightening (flux ~ ln (1+1/μ))
* **par24 ... tab**
- which reflion table to use
- 1: reflion (the old one, lower cut-off energy at 1eV, not good for
PhoIndex > 2)
- 2: reflionx (the newer one, lower cut-off energy at 100eV)
* **par25 ... sw**
- switch for the way how to compute the refl. spectra
- 1: use the computed ionisation parameter, ξ, for the interpolation
in reflion, i.e. use proper total incident intensity with the
shifted cut-offs
- 2: use the ionisation parameter, ξ, correspondent to the computed
normalization of the incident flux, i.e. do not shift the cut-offs
when computing the total incident intensity
* **par26 ... ntable**
- defines fits file with tables (0 ≤ ntable ≤ 99), currently the
tables with ntable=80 are correct for this model
* **par27 ... nrad**
- number of grid points in radius
- if negative than the number of radial grid points is dependent on
height as -nrad / height^( 0.66)
* **par28 ... division**
- type of division in radial integration
- 0: equidistant radial grid (constant linear step)
- 1: exponential radial grid (constant logarithmic step)
- >1: mixed radial grid with a constant logarithmic step in the inner
region and with a constant linear step in the outer region; the
total nradius (par27) number of points is divided in the 3:2 ratio
in these regions; the value of par28 gives the transition radius
between these regions (in GM/c^(2))
- -1: mixed radial grid with the transition radius at 2×height
* **par29 ... nphi**
- number of grid points in azimuth
* **par30 ... deltaT**
- length of the time bin (GM/c^(3))
* **par31 ... nt**
- number of time subbins per one time bin
* **par32 ... t1/f1/E1**
- the time to be used in XSPEC for the spectrum (0 means average
spectrum, i.e. divided by the flare duration)
- the frequency to be used in XSPEC for the energy dependent Fourier
transform (0 means average values in the range of 0 to the first
wrapping frequency)
- positive values are in sec or Hz
- negative values are in GM/c^3 or (GM/c^(3))^(-1)
- if different than par33, the value gives the lower end of the
time/frequency interval of interest
- if same as par33, then the functions are computed for this value of
the time/frequency of interest
- in case of frequency dependent lags it defines the lower value of the
energy band of interest in keV
* **par33 ... t2/f2/E2**
- used only if different than par32 and if par32 is nonzero
- its value gives the upper end of the time/frequency interval of
interest
- positive values are in sec or Hz
- negative values are in GM/c^3 or (GM/c^(3))^(-1)
- in case of frequency dependent lags it defines the upper value of the
energy band of interest in keV
* **par34 ... Eref1**
- it defines the lower value of the reference energy band for lag or
amplitude energy dependence as well as in case of frequency dependent
lags and amplitudes
- if zero no reference band is used
- if negative:
* for lag-energy spectra, the whole energy band is used as a reference
band, always excluding the current energy bin
* for lag-frequency dependence, the energy reference band is
abs(par34) to abs(par35) excluding overlaping part with energy band
of interest abs(par32) to abs(par33)
* **par35 ... Eref2**
- it defines the upper value of the reference energy band for lag-energy
dependence as well as in case of frequency dependent lags
* **par36 ... dt/Af**
- lag shift for lag-energy dependence in case of par38=+6
- multiplicative factor in case of adding empirical hard lags
Af×f^(qf), used for par38=+16 and par38=+18;
if par36=-1 then the following hard lags prescription is used (see
Epitropakis & Papadakis, 2017):
100 * log10(Eref/E) * (f/1e-4)^(-1) s
with Eref being middle of the reference energy band and E middle of
the energy band of interest
* **par37 ... Amp/qf**
- multiplicative factor for the amplitude-energy dependence in case of
par38=+5
- powerlaw index in case of adding empirical hard lags Af×f^(qf),
used for par38=+16 and par38=+18
* **par38 ... xsw**
- defines output in the XSPEC (photar array)
- 0: spectrum for time interval defined by par32 and par33
- _the following values correspond to energy dependent Fourier transform
at the frequency band defined by par32 and par33:_
- -1: real part of FT of the relative reflection
- -2: imaginary part of FT of the relative reflection
- -3: amplitude of FT of the relative reflection
- -4: phase of FT of the relative reflection
- -5: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in the
reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in
frequencies is done in real and imaginary parts first and then
the amplitudes are computed)
- -6: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies is
done in real and imaginary parts first and then the lags are
computed with frequency at half of the wrapping frequency or
middle of the frequency band)
- -7: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies here is done in amplitudes directly)
- -8: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies here
is done in lags directly)
- 1: real part of FT including primary radiation
- 2: imaginary part of FT including primary radiation
- 3: amplitude of FT including primary radiation
- 4: phase of FT including primary radiation
- 5: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies is done in real and imaginary parts first and then
the amplitudes are computed)
- 6: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies is
done in real and imaginary parts first and then the lags are
computed with frequency at half of the wrapping frequency or
middle of the frequency band)
- 7: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies here is done in amplitudes directly)
- 8: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies here
is done in lags directly)
- _the following values correspond to frequency dependent Fourier
transform for the energy band of interest defined by par32 and par33:_
- -11: real part of FT of the relative reflection
- -12: imaginary part of FT of the relative reflection
- -13: amplitude of FT of the relative reflection
- -14: phase of FT of the relative reflection
- -15: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in real and imaginary parts first and then the
amplitudes are computed)
- -16: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in real
and imaginary parts first and then the lags are computed)
- -17: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in amplitudes directly)
- -18: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in lags
directly)
- 11: real part of FT including primary radiation
- 12: imaginary part of FT including primary radiation
- 13: amplitude of FT including primary radiation
- 14: phase of FT including primary radiation
- 15: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in real and imaginary parts first and then the
amplitudes are computed)
- 16: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in real
and imaginary parts first and then the lags are computed)
- 17: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in amplitudes directly)
- 18: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in lags
directly)
* **par39 ... nthreads**
- how many threads should be used for computations
* **par40 ... norm**
- **has to be set to unity!**
Definition outside XSPEC
------------------------
The model parameters need to be defined inside the **kynrefrev.c** code
when run outside of XSPEC (the code needs to be recompiled after changing
them):
- _energy_ in the following lines:
#define NE 30
#define E_MIN 0.3
#define E_MAX 80.
- choose the _energy bands of interest_ in the following lines:
#define NBANDS 5
.
.
.
//definition of energy band of interest, reference band is defined as the last
//one, usually the whole energy range
ener_low[0] = 0.3;
ener_high[0] = 0.8;
ener_low[1] = 1.;
ener_high[1] = 3.;
ener_low[2] = 3.;
ener_high[2] = 9.;
ener_low[3] = 12.;
ener_high[3] = 40.;
ener_low[4] = E_MIN;
ener_high[4] = E_MAX;
- _all basic parameters_ of the model (physical ones as well as those
defining resolution grid for computations) are defined in the following
lines:
param[ 0] = 1.; // a/M
param[ 1] = 30.; // thetaO
param[ 2] = 1.; // rin
param[ 3] = 1.; // ms
param[ 4] = 1000.; // rout
param[ 5] = 0.; // phi0
param[ 6] = 360.; // dphi
param[ 7] = 0.1; // M/M8
param[ 8] = 3.; // height
param[ 9] = 2.; // PhoIndex
param[10] = 0.001; // L/Ledd
param[11] = 1.; // Np:Nr
param[12] = 1.; // density
param[13] = 0.; // den_prof
param[14] = 1.; // abun
param[15] = 0.; // thermalisation
param[16] = 0.1; // arate
param[17] = 2.4; // f_col
param[18] = -6.; // alpha
param[19] = 0.; // beta
param[20] = 0.; // rcloud
param[21] = 0.; // zshift
param[22] = 0.; // limb
param[23] = 2.; // tab
param[24] = 2.; // sw
param[25] = 80.; // ntable
param[26] = -4488.; // nrad
param[27] = -1.; // division
param[28] = 180.; // nphi
param[29] = 1.; // deltaT
param[30] = 1.; // nt
param[31] = 2.e-4; // t1/f1/E1
param[32] = 8.e-4; // t2/f2/E2
param[33] = -1.; // Eref1
param[34] = 3.; // Eref2
param[35] = 0.; // dt/Af
param[36] = 1.; // Amp/qf
param[37] = 6.; // xsw
param[38] = 4.; // nthreads
param[39] = 1.; // norm
- some parameters are later changed in the loops for convenience (to
create files for grid of parameters), see lines as:
for (ia=0;ia<=1;ia++){
param[0] = (double) ia;
for (iinc=20;iinc<=80;iinc+=20){
param[1] = (double) iinc;
for (ih=1;ih<=20;ih++){
param[8] = 1.5 * (100./1.5)**((ih-1.)/19.);
Parameters of the KYNxilrev model
=================================
Definition in XSPEC
-------------------
The meaning of the input parameters are also explained at the beginning of
the kynrefrev.c file. The parameters when the code runs under XSPEC are
defined in the usual way as for other XSPEC models. The parameter
definitions when run outside of XSPEC must be changed directly inside the
source code. Summary of the parameters:
* **par1 ... a/M**
- black hole angular momentum (-1 ≤ a/M ≤ 1)
* **par2 ... theta_o**
- observer inclination in degrees (0°-pole, 90°-disc)
* **par3 ... rin**
- inner edge of non-zero disc emissivity (in GM/c^2 or in rmso)
* **par4 ... ms**
- switch for inner edge
- 0: we integrate from inner edge = par3
- 1: if the inner edge of the disc is below marginally stable orbit (MSO)
then we integrate emission above MSO only
- 2: we integrate from inner edge given in units of MSO, i.e. inner
edge = par3 × rmso (the same applies for outer edge)
* **par5 ... rout**
- outer edge of non-zero disc emissivity (in GM/c^2 or in rmso)
* **par6 ... phi**
- lower azimuth of non-zero disc emissivity (degrees)
* **par7 ... dphi**
- (phi + dphi) is upper azimuth of non-zero disc emissivity 0° ≤
dphi ≤ 360°
* **par8 ... M/M8**
- black hole mass in units of 10^8 solar masses
* **par9 ... height**
- height on the axis (measured from the center) at which the primary
source is located (GM/c^(2))
* **par10 ... PhoIndex**
- power-law energy index of the primary flux
* **par11 ... L/LEdd**
- dE/dt, the intrinsic local (if negative) or the observed
(if positive) primary isotropic flux in the X-ray energy range 2-10keV
in units of LEdd
* **par12 ... Np:Nr**
- ratio of the primary to the reflected normalization
- 1: self-consistent model for isotropic primary source
- 0: only reflection, primary source is hidden
- if positive then L/LEdd (par11) means the luminosity towards the
observer
- if negative then L/LEdd (par11) means the luminosity towards the disc
* **par13 ... density/ionisation**
- density profile normalization in 10^15 cm^(-3) if positive,
i.e. n = par13 × r^(par14)
- ionisation profile normalisation if it is negative and constant density
xillver tables are used, i.e. ξ = -par13 × r^(par14)
- ionisation parameter if it is negative and xillver tables dependent on
density are used, i.e. ξ = -par13
- this parameter cannot be zero
* **par14 ... den_prof/ion_prof**
- radial power-law density profile if par13 is positive
- radial ionisation profile if par13 is negative and constant density
xillver tables are used
- density in 10^15 cm^(-3) if par13 is negative and xillver tables
dependent on density are used
* **par15 ... abun**
- Fe abundance (in solar abundance)
* **par16 ... E_cut**
- the observed (if positive) or intrinsic local at the source
(if negative) cut-off energy of the primary X-ray radiation
* **par17 ... therm**
- fraction of thermalised flux from the overal incident flux illuminating
the disc
- = 0: only the reverberation of reflected radiation is computed
- < 0: only the reverberation of thermal radiation is computed
- > 0: both the thermal and reflection reverberation is included
- abs(par17) > 1: the fraction of thermalisation is computed from
difference between the incident and reflected fluxes
* **par18 ... arate**
- accretion rate in units of LEdd if positive or in Solar mass per
Julian year (365.25 days) if negative
* **par19 ... f_col**
- spectral hardening factor
* **par20 ... alpha**
- position of the cloud centre in GM/c^2 in alpha coordinate (alpha being
the impact parameter in φ-direction, positive for approaching side
of the disc)
* **par21 ... beta**
- position of the cloud centre in GM/c^2 in beta coordinate (beta being
the impact parameter in θ-direction, positive in up direction,
i.e. above the disc)
* **par22 ... rcloud**
- radius of the obscuring cloud
- the meaning of cloud is inverted for negative values of rcloud, i.e.
only the radiation transmitted through the cloud is computed
* **par23 ... zshift**
- overall Doppler shift
* **par24 ... limb**
- only used for angle averaged XILLVER tables
- 0: for isotropic emission (flux ~ 1)
- 1: for Laor's limb darkening (flux ~ 1+2.06μ)
- 2: for Haardt's limb brightening (flux ~ ln (1+1/μ))
* **par25 ... tab**
- which XILLVER table to use
- 1: xillver.fits, angle averaged with cut-off energy at
300 keV
- 2: xillver-a.fits, angle dependent with cut-off energy at
300 keV
- 3: xillver-Ec.fits, angle averaged with free cut-off energy
- 4: xillver-a-Ec.fits, angle dependent with free cut-off
energy
- 5: xillver-a-Ec2.fits, angle dependent with free cut-off
energy
- 6: xillver-a-Ec3.fits, angle dependent with free cut-off
energy
- 7: xillver-a-Ec4.fits, angle dependent with free cut-off
energy
- 8: xillver-a-Ec5.fits, angle dependent with free cut-off
energy
- 11: xillverD-4.fits, angle dependent with cut-off energy at 300 keV for
disc density 10^(15)-10^(19) cm^(-3)
* **par26 ... ntable**
- defines fits file with tables (0 ≤ ntable ≤ 99), currently the
tables with ntable=80 are correct for this model
* **par27 ... nrad**
- number of grid points in radius
- if negative than the number of radial grid points is dependent on
height as -nrad / height^( 0.66)
* **par28 ... division**
- type of division in radial integration
- 0: equidistant radial grid (constant linear step)
- 1: exponential radial grid (constant logarithmic step)
- >1: mixed radial grid with a constant logarithmic step in the inner
region and with a constant linear step in the outer region; the
total nradius (par27) number of points is divided in the 3:2 ratio
in these regions; the value of par28 gives the transition radius
between these regions (in GM/c^(2))
- -1: mixed radial grid with the transition radius at 2×height
* **par29 ... nphi**
- number of grid points in azimuth
* **par30 ... deltaT**
- length of the time bin (GM/c^(3))
* **par31 ... nt**
- number of time subbins per one time bin
* **par32 ... t1/f1/E1**
- the time to be used in XSPEC for the spectrum (0 means average
spectrum, i.e. divided by the flare duration)
- the frequency to be used in XSPEC for the energy dependent Fourier
transform (0 means average values in the range of 0 to the first
wrapping frequency)
- positive values are in sec or Hz
- negative values are in GM/c^3 or (GM/c^(3))^(-1)
- if different than par33, the value gives the lower end of the
time/frequency interval of interest
- if same as par33, then the functions are computed for this value of
the time/frequency of interest
- in case of frequency dependent lags it defines the lower value of the
energy band of interest in keV
* **par33 ... t2/f2/E2**
- used only if different than par32 and if par32 is nonzero
- its value gives the upper end of the time/frequency interval of
interest
- positive values are in sec or Hz
- negative values are in GM/c^3 or (GM/c^(3))^(-1)
- in case of frequency dependent lags it defines the upper value of the
energy band of interest in keV
* **par34 ... Eref1**
- it defines the lower value of the reference energy band for lag or
amplitude energy dependence as well as in case of frequency dependent
lags and amplitudes
- if zero no reference band is used
- if negative:
* for lag-energy spectra, the whole energy band is used as a reference
band, always excluding the current energy bin
* for lag-frequency dependence, the energy reference band is
abs(par34) to abs(par35) excluding overlaping part with energy band
of interest abs(par32) to abs(par33)
* **par35 ... Eref2**
- it defines the upper value of the reference energy band for lag-energy
dependence as well as in case of frequency dependent lags
* **par36 ... dt/Af**
- lag shift for lag-energy dependence in case of par38=+6
- multiplicative factor in case of adding empirical hard lags
Af×f^(qf), used for par38=+16 and par38=+18;
if par36=-1 then the following hard lags prescription is used (see
Epitropakis & Papadakis, 2017):
100 * log10(Eref/E) * (f/1e-4)^(-1) s
with Eref being middle of the reference energy band and E middle of
the energy band of interest
* **par37 ... Amp/qf**
- multiplicative factor for the amplitude-energy dependence in case of
par38=+5
- powerlaw index in case of adding empirical hard lags Af×f^(qf),
used for par38=+16 and par38=+18
* **par38 ... xsw**
- defines output in the XSPEC (photar array)
- 0: spectrum for time interval defined by par32 and par33
- _the following values correspond to energy dependent Fourier transform
at the frequency band defined by par32 and par33:_
- -1: real part of FT of the relative reflection
- -2: imaginary part of FT of the relative reflection
- -3: amplitude of FT of the relative reflection
- -4: phase of FT of the relative reflection
- -5: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in the
reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in
frequencies is done in real and imaginary parts first and then
the amplitudes are computed)
- -6: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies is
done in real and imaginary parts first and then the lags are
computed with frequency at half of the wrapping frequency or
middle of the frequency band)
- -7: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies here is done in amplitudes directly)
- -8: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies here
is done in lags directly)
- 1: real part of FT including primary radiation
- 2: imaginary part of FT including primary radiation
- 3: amplitude of FT including primary radiation
- 4: phase of FT including primary radiation
- 5: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies is done in real and imaginary parts first and then
the amplitudes are computed)
- 6: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies is
done in real and imaginary parts first and then the lags are
computed with frequency at half of the wrapping frequency or
middle of the frequency band)
- 7: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (integration
in frequencies here is done in amplitudes directly)
- 8: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (integration in frequencies here
is done in lags directly)
- _the following values correspond to frequency dependent Fourier
transform for the energy band of interest defined by par32 and par33:_
- -11: real part of FT of the relative reflection
- -12: imaginary part of FT of the relative reflection
- -13: amplitude of FT of the relative reflection
- -14: phase of FT of the relative reflection
- -15: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in real and imaginary parts first and then the
amplitudes are computed)
- -16: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in real
and imaginary parts first and then the lags are computed)
- -17: amplitude for the relative reflection divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in amplitudes directly)
- -18: lag for the relative reflection with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in lags
directly)
- 11: real part of FT including primary radiation
- 12: imaginary part of FT including primary radiation
- 13: amplitude of FT including primary radiation
- 14: phase of FT including primary radiation
- 15: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in real and imaginary parts first and then the
amplitudes are computed)
- 16: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in real
and imaginary parts first and then the lags are computed)
- 17: amplitude including the primary radiation divided by amplitude in
the reference energy band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning
here is done in amplitudes directly)
- 18: lag diluted by primary radiation with respect to reference energy
band defined by par34 and par35 (rebinning here is done in lags
directly)
* **par39 ... nthreads**
- how many threads should be used for computations
* **par40 ... norm**
- **has to be set to unity!**
Definition outside XSPEC
------------------------
The model parameters need to be defined inside the **kynxilrev.c** code
when run outside of XSPEC (the code needs to be recompiled after changing
them):
- _energy_ in the following lines:
#define NE 30
#define E_MIN 0.3
#define E_MAX 80.
- choose the _energy bands of interest_ in the following lines:
#define NBANDS 5
.
.
.
//definition of energy band of interest, reference band is defined as the last
//one, usually the whole energy range
ener_low[0] = 0.3;
ener_high[0] = 0.8;
ener_low[1] = 1.;
ener_high[1] = 3.;
ener_low[2] = 3.;
ener_high[2] = 9.;
ener_low[3] = 12.;
ener_high[3] = 40.;
ener_low[4] = E_MIN;
ener_high[4] = E_MAX;
- _all basic parameters_ of the model (physical ones as well as those
defining resolution grid for computations) are defined in the following
lines:
param[ 0] = 1.; // a/M
param[ 1] = 30.; // thetaO
param[ 2] = 1.; // rin
param[ 3] = 1.; // ms
param[ 4] = 1000.; // rout
param[ 5] = 0.; // phi0
param[ 6] = 360.; // dphi
param[ 7] = 0.1; // M/M8
param[ 8] = 3.; // height
param[ 9] = 2.; // PhoIndex
param[10] = 0.001; // L/Ledd
param[11] = 1.; // Np:Nr
param[12] = 1.; // density
param[13] = 0.; // den_prof
param[14] = 1.; // abun
param[15] = 300.; // E_cut
param[16] = 0.; // thermalisation
param[17] = 0.1; // arate
param[18] = 2.4; // f_col
param[19] = -6.; // alpha
param[20] = 0.; // beta
param[21] = 0.; // rcloud
param[22] = 0.; // zshift
param[23] = 0.; // limb
param[24] = 11.; // tab
param[25] = 80.; // ntable
param[26] = -4488.; // nrad
param[27] = -1.; // division
param[28] = 180.; // nphi
param[29] = 1.; // deltaT
param[30] = 1.; // nt
param[31] = 2.e-4; // t1/f1/E1
param[32] = 8.e-4; // t2/f2/E2
param[33] = -1.; // Eref1
param[34] = 3.; // Eref2
param[35] = 0.; // dt/Af
param[36] = 1.; // Amp/qf
param[37] = 6.; // xsw
param[38] = 4.; // nthreads
param[39] = 1.; // norm
- some parameters are later changed in the loops for convenience (to
create files for grid of parameters), see lines as:
for (ia=0;ia<=1;ia++){
param[0] = (double) ia;
for (iinc=20;iinc<=80;iinc+=20){
param[1] = (double) iinc;
for (ih=1;ih<=20;ih++){
param[8] = 1.5 * (100./1.5)**((ih-1.)/19.);
Output files created
====================
* The output files are created only when the code is run outside XSPEC.
* The following naming scheme is used for the output files:
- **AAA** is 100× the horizon value (thus 100 means a=1 and 200 means
a=0),
- **BB** is the inclination in degrees,
- **CCCC** is 10× the height (e.g. 0030 means h=3),
- **u1** is used for phase unwrapped in frequency dependence,
- **u2** is used for phase unwrapped in energy dependence.
* All spectra and light curves are always computed in photon numbers and per
keV and per second, time is in seconds and frequency in Hz.
* The output files created by **kynrefrev.c** code:
- below by relative reflection it is meant the disc response divided by the
total primary flux in the flash.
- **kynrefrev_photar.dat** → the values as would be given inside
XSPEC,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC.txt** → the summary of parameter values,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_far.dat** → the time evolving observed
reflection spectrum where the energy changes with rows and the time
changes with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_flux_prim.dat** → the total observed primary
flux (i.e. integrated in energy) per second, it is constant during the
duration of the flare,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_lc.dat** → the light curve of the observed
reflection (2^nd column) where we integrated over the whole energy range,
the 1^st column contains the time,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_spectrum.dat** → the time integrated
spectrum of the observed reflection (2^nd column) and the observed
primary (3^rd column), both are divided by the flare duration, the 1^st
column contains the central value of the energy bins in keV.
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_lc.dat** → the light curves for the
observed reflection (2^nd and higher columns) where in each column the
light curve is integrated over different energy band (defined in the
code), the 1^st column contains the time,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_prim.dat** → the observed primary flux
per second, it is constant during the duration of the flare where in each
column the flux is integrated over different energy band (defined in the
code).
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_real.dat**
→ the real part of the FFT of the relative reflection with frequency
changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_imag.dat**
→ the imaginary part of the FFT of the relative reflection with
frequency changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_ampl.dat**
→ the amplitude of the FFT of the relative reflection with frequency
changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase_u1.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase_u2.dat** → the phase of the FFT of the
relative reflection with frequency changing with rows and energy with
columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_real_tot.dat** → the real part of the FFT of
the total signal (reflection response plus primary flash) with frequency
changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_imag_tot.dat** → the imaginary part of the
FFT of the total signal (reflection response plus primary flash) with
frequency changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_ampl_tot.dat** → the amplitude of the FFT of
the total signal (reflection response plus primary flash) with frequency
changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase_tot.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase_tot_u1.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_phase_tot_u2.dat** → the phase of the FFT of
the total signal (reflection response plus primary flash) with frequency
changing with rows and energy with columns,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_real.dat** → the real part, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the relative reflection integrated
in different energy bands as defined in the code (2^nd and higher
columns), the 1^st column contains the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_imag.dat** → the imaginary part, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the relative reflection integrated
in different energy bands as defined in the code (2^nd and higher
columns), the 1^st column contains the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_ampl.dat** → the amplitude, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the relative reflection integrated
in different energy bands as defined in the code (2^nd and higher
columns), the 1^st column contains the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_phase.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_phase_u1.dat** → the phase, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the relative reflection integrated
in different energy bands as defined in the code (2^nd and higher
columns), the 1^st column contains the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_real_tot.dat** → the real part, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the total signal (reflection
response plus primary flash) integrated in different energy bands as
defined in the code (2^nd and higher columns), the 1^st column contains
the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_imag_tot.dat** → the imaginary part,
as a function of frequency, of the FFT of the total signal (reflection
response plus primary flash) integrated in different energy bands as
defined in the code (2^nd and higher columns), the 1^st column contains
the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_ampl_tot.dat** → the amplitude, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the total signal (reflection
response plus primary flash) integrated in different energy bands as
defined in the code (2^nd and higher columns), the 1^st column contains
the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_phase_tot.dat**,
**kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_bands_phase_tot_u1.dat** → the phase, as a
function of frequency, of the FFT of the total signal (reflection
response plus primary flash) integrated in different energy bands as
defined in the code (2^nd and higher columns), the 1^st column contains
the frequency,
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_freq_wrap.dat** → the first wrapping
frequency for the phase computed for the relative reflection (the lowest
one from all energy bins)
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_fft_tot_int.dat** → energy dependent average
values of the FFT of the total signal (real part, imaginary part,
amplitude, phase, unwrapped phase, delay, ratio of the amplitudes for the
energy band of interest and reference energy band, delay between the
energy band of interest and reference energy band computed from wrapped
and unwrapped phases and directly averaged delay between the two energy
bands as well as the ratio of the amplitudes and delay difference between
the energy band of interest and reference energy band where reference
energy band always excludes the current energy bin), the average is
computed in the range of 0 to the first wrapping frequency, the 1^st
column contains the central value of energy bins in keV; the FFT here is
averaged over frequencies for real and imaginary parts first and then,
from the result, all the rest quantities are computed except for the
directly averaged delay, where the delay is computed first from real and
imaginary parts of the FFT for each frequency and only then it is
averaged (just for comparison).
- **kynrefrev_AAA_BB_CCCC_fft_tot_fband.dat** → energy dependent
average values of the FFT of the total signal (real part, imaginary part,
amplitude, phase, unwrapped phase, delay, ratio of the amplitudes for the
energy band of interest and reference energy band, delay between the
energy band of interest and reference energy band computed from wrapped
and unwrapped phases and directly averaged delay between the two energy
bands as well as the ratio of the amplitudes and delay difference between
the energy band of interest and reference energy band where reference
energy band always excludes the current energy bin), the average is
computed in the frequency range given by param[28] and param[29], the
1^st column contains the central value of energy bins in keV; the FFT
here is averaged over frequencies for real and imaginary parts first and
then, from the result, all the rest quantities are computed except for
the directly averaged delay, where the delay is computed first from real
and imaginary parts of the FFT for each frequency and only then it is
averaged (just for comparison).